After several decades of consistent progress, the state of global freedom has entered a period of stagnation and possibly even decline. The reasons for recent setbacks to liberty are numerous and complex. However, to a significant degree, the reversal in freedom of association can be attributed to the emergence of a few large and assertive authoritarian states—countries that are geostrategically important, major participants in the world economy, militarily robust, and, in a number of cases, rich in energy and other natural resources.