What does “modern war” entail? The end of the Cold War signalled a shift—at least temporarily—away from territorial conflicts between large states and towards smaller, messier forms of warfare. US counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan typifies one emergent model of conflict—“small wars” fought at the cutting edge of politics, culture and law. Ethnic conflicts in Rwanda, Darfur, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo may come to represent another common form. But is the old model dead? Nuclear weapons, rather than being disassembled, are being developed in a number of rogue states.